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1 λυπηρός
I of things, painful, distressing, Hdt.5.106, S.El. 553; τί σοι τοῦτ' ἐστὶ λ. κλύειν; Id.OC 1176; , etc.; ἀζημίους μέν, λ. δὲ ἀχθηδόνας causing pain, Th.2.37;τὰ λ. X.Hier. 1.8
, cf. Men.555.3;βίος -ότερος Pl.Lg. 733b
;τὸ λ. Id.R. 585a
; opp. τὸ ἡδύ, Antipho Soph.49.II of persons,2 causing pain, troublesome,λ. κλύειν S.El. 557
;λ. οὐκ ἦν οὐδ' ἐπίφθονος πόλει E. Supp. 893
, cf. Ar.Ach. 456, Th.1.76, etc.; of those who are objects of jealousy and envy, Id.6.16, cf. 2.64.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λυπηρός
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2 ἄλυπος
ἄλῡπ-ος, ον,A without pain, freq. in Trag. (not A.), E.IA 163, etc.: c. gen., ἄ. γήρως without pains of age, S.OC 1519;ἄ. ἄτης El. 1002
; ; ;τὸ ἄ. Pl.R. 585a
: [comp] Comp. - ότερος ib. 581e: [comp] Sup. . Adv. ἀλύπως, ζῆν, διατελεῖν live free from pain and sorrow, Id.Prt. 358b, Phlb. 43d, cf. Men.549;ἀποθανεῖν Id.14
: [comp] Sup.ἀλυπότατα Lys.24.10
.II [voice] Act., causing no pain or grief, Hp.Art.39 ([comp] Sup.), Pl.Plt. 272a, etc.;ἄ. οἶνος
harmless,Hermipp.
82.5, cf. E.Ba. 423; ἄ. ἄνθος ἀνίας setting free from the pain of sorrow of wine, S.Fr. 172; ἀλυπότατος κλιντήρ, of a hospice, Epigr.Gr. 450 ([place name] Batanaea); σωλῆνες -ότατοι μετὰ ἁλῶν cause least pain, i.e. are least indigestible, Xenocr.57, cf. Mnesith. ap. Ath.3.92c;πεσσὸς -ότατος Aët.16.36
. Adv.ἀλύπως, τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῆν live without offence to others, Isoc.12.5. -
3 λῡπη
λῡ́πηGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `pain, grief' (IA.);Compounds: as 1. member in λυπο-τόκος `causing grief' (Halicar.); παρά-λυπρος (Str.), λυπρόγεως, - χωρος.Derivatives: λυπηρός `painfull, distressing' (IA.); besides λυπρός `id.' (trag.), often of the earth, oppos. εὑρεῖα (ν 243), πεδιάς (Hdt. 9, 122), also ὀρεινή (Arist. HA 556 a.4), nearly `unfruitful, frugal'; βιος (Str., Ph., App.); λυπρότης `frugality', of the soil (Str.). Denomin. verb λυπέω, - έομαι (after ἀλγέω; Debrunner Wortbildung $ 194) `cause sorrow, pain, distress' (Hes., Sapph., IA.) with λύπ-ημα `sorrow' (Antipho Soph.), - ητικός `be sorrowful' (Arist., Plu.).Etymology: Unknown. As λευγαλέος (s. v.) a. rel. is connected with Skt. rujáti `break', λύπη could belong as verbal noun of synonymous lu-m-páti, lupyáte `break, tear (apart)', if lup- were not rather dialectic for rup- in Skt. rúpyati, Lat. ru-m-p-ō. The other words going back on IE * lup- rather mean `peel off' v. s.., e.g. Lith. lùpti `peel, fleece, flay', Russ. lupítь `peel', Germ. e.g. OHG louft, loft `bark' (also IE * lubh- possible); WP. 2, 417f., Pok. 690f., W.-Hofmann s. rumpō, Fraenkel s. lùpti, Vasmer s. lupítь. - In semantically a little separate λυπρός an old primary deriv. independent of λύπη may have been preserved.Page in Frisk: 2,145-146Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λῡπη
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4 μέρμερος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: Conventional epithet of unclear meaning (after H. μέρμερα = χαλεπά, δεινά, φροντίδος ἄξια); apparently intensive formation with reduplication, which suggests connection with μέρ-ιμνα(?). So prop. meaning `causing meditation, cares', from where `distressful, dreadful' v. t.(?), of persons `(much) meditating, caring'; also as PN (Apollod., Paus.).Other forms: (Hom., only Il.) always n. pl. μέρμερα as epithet of ἔργα, also as object of ῥέζειν, μητίσασθαι, posthom. of κακόν, βλάβη etc. (E., Lyc., Nic.), also of persons and animals (Pl. Hp. Ma., Plu., Opp.); enlarged. μερ-μέριος (Them.).Derivatives: Besides μέρμηραι f. pl. `cares, anxieties' (Hes. Th. 55, Thgn. 1325, also IG 14, 1942 [late verse]), μερμηρίζω, - ίξαι, - ίξω `care, meditate, invent, consider, linger' (Hom.; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 87); also μερμαίρω (Suid., H., Phot. [codd. also - μέρω]); on ἀπο-μερμηρίσαι `forget the cares' (Ar. V. 5, D. C.) s. Ruijgh ibd.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The length of the vowel in μέρ-μηρ-αι againt μέρ-μερ-ος has been explained from μερμηρίζω, where it is ascribed to the metre, but this is no sufficient explanation; rather it points to Pre-Greek origin; on ε\/η s. Fur. 257 n. 42. -- Under μέριμνα we pointed to the primary thematic root-verb Skt. smárati, Av. maraiti `remember' (reduplicated hi-šmar-); further there is, with broken reduplication, Arm. mormok' `regret, displeausre, sorrow, grief' and the also reduplicated Lat. me-mor `mindful', to which prob. also mora `delay'. Further, partly doubtful cognates from Germ. a. Celt., for Greek unimportant, in WP. 2, 689f., Pok. 969f., W.-Hofmann s. memor. Hypothetic connection with the PN Ἴσμαρος and Μάρων in Kretschmer Glotta 29, 96 f. Lith. merė́ti `care', s. Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 237. -- [Not to μάρτυς s.v. or μείρομαι.]Page in Frisk: 2,210-211Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέρμερος
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